Jamaica Property Tax Accountability Program
Jamaica assesses a property tax it declines to collect.
Unpaid property tax is a first charge on the land. Seven years after it falls due it stops being recoverable from anyone at all, and the charge on the land is extinguished, whether or not a single step was ever taken to collect it.
How much has gone that way has not been published since 2016. This program has two goals: get the record published, and get the seven year rule changed so that property tax accrues until somebody pays it.
What the seven year rule does
Property tax that falls due and goes unpaid becomes a first charge and lien on the land itself under section 21(1) of the Tax Collection Act. That is a strong security. It attaches to the property rather than to the person, and in ordinary conveyancing practice it has to be dealt with before a sale completes. Section 21(2) says the charge stays in force until the tax is paid and may be realized at any time.
Section 21(3) then cancels both. It provides that no such tax shall be recoverable from any person except within seven years
from the date it became due, and that after those seven years any charge or lien on the real property is extinguished.
Read those together and the effect is complete. At seven years the debt cannot be recovered from the owner, cannot be recovered from anyone else, and no longer encumbers the land. Nothing has to happen for that to occur. No decision is taken, no file is closed, no officer signs anything, and no record of it is published. It is simply the passage of time, and it runs identically whether the Collector pursued the debt for six years or never opened the file.
The ledger stops in 2016
The Auditor General's Department last examined this in a performance audit published in July 2016, covering April 2011 to March 2016. That audit is the last document that states how much was extinguished, and how much enforcement actually took place. Nothing comparable has been published in the ten years since.
| Fiscal year | Collected | On the roll | Compliant | Extinguished at 7 years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011/12 | J$2.531bn | 786,802 | 517,172 | J$0.79bn |
| 2012/13 | J$2.805bn | 790,119 | 500,305 | J$0.64bn |
| 2013/14 | J$5.840bn | 796,092 | 482,984 | J$0.64bn |
| 2014/15 | J$7.448bn | 803,739 | 439,919 | J$0.61bn |
| 2015/16 | J$6.512bn | 806,075 | 366,886 | J$0.58bn |
| 2016/17 | J$7.6bn | 776,487 | ||
| 2017/18 | ||||
| 2018/19 | ||||
| 2019/20 | ||||
| 2020/21 | ||||
| 2021/22 | ||||
| 2022/23 | ||||
| 2023/24 | J$9.306bn | |||
| 2024/25 | ||||
| 2025/26 |
No figure published anywhere that could be found
The single recent collection figure, J$9.306 billion for 2023/24, was not published for Jamaicans. It appears in Table 7.1 of the Government of Jamaica's own PEFA assessment of September 2024, a report prepared to a standard set by international lenders. It is measured against a J$10.536 billion budget, an eleven point seven percent shortfall, and it is stated net of the collection commission and of other deductions, so it is a floor rather than a total.
The same assessment names, in Table 19.4, a Tax Administration Jamaica revenue arrears aging report for 2023/24. So the document exists and is compiled every year. PEFA scored that dimension D, its lowest grade.
This is parish money
Property tax does not fund the national budget in the ordinary way. It is paid into the Parochial Revenue Fund, and under the Local Government (Financing and Financial Management) Act 2016 ninety percent of what is collected in a parish is paid over to that parish's municipal corporation each month. It is the largest single source of money a parish controls.
Which produces the gap this program is concerned with. The body that spends the money is elected and answerable at the parish. The body that collects it is an agency of the Ministry of Finance and is not. A municipal corporation can write to Tax Administration Jamaica and ask what enforcement took place in its own parish. It cannot require an answer.
One consequence is easy to check and hard to explain. The responsible Minister's sectoral debate presentations of 28 May 2025 and 3 June 2026 use the word "property" no times at all, in a sector drawing close to half its transfers from property tax.
Who actually answers for it
If the money is not arriving, the obvious question is who can be made to explain that. The answer is more awkward than it looks, because there is no single chain of command running from a parish committee up to Tax Administration Jamaica. There are two chains, and they never command each other.
Voters in each of the fourteen divisions return a councillor, the councillors constitute the Corporation, the Corporation elects its own Mayor and appoints its committees, and the Chief Executive Officer answers to it as accounting officer. That is the whole of the parish's authority, and none of it reaches the Collector of Taxes.
Which is why the audit chain matters more than it looks. The Auditor General audits Tax Administration Jamaica and reports to Parliament, and the parliamentary Public Accounts Committee can summon it. That is the only room in the country where both chains answer at the same time, and the Auditor General has already been in it on this exact subject.
Where a course of accountability begins
Nothing on that map starts by itself. Every mechanism on it is reactive: it responds to a specific question on the record, and it ignores a general state of affairs however large. So it begins at the cheapest rung that carries a duty to answer, and climbs only when an answer does not come.
A constituent raises it with the Negril councillor
One conversation, with Councillor Arthel Colley, PNP, elected February 2024. He sits on the Corporation and can put it to the Council, where it becomes a minute rather than an opinion.
The Council resolves to ask
A resolution requesting the parish figures. It costs nothing and it converts a grievance into a dated, recorded request from the body that is owed the money.
The CEO writes to Tax Administration Jamaica
From the Corporation's own statutory footing: its duty to identify and optimize revenue, and its entitlement to ninety percent of parish property tax. Not a favor, a question about its own account.
The reply, or the silence, is minuted
This is the step people skip and it is the one that matters. An answer gives you numbers. No answer gives you a record, and a record is what every rung above this can act on.
The Minister of Local Government is told
The Minister approves a budget built on money that is not arriving and designates the officer who controls the Fund. A parish that has asked and been ignored is a different correspondent from one that has not asked.
The Auditor General is asked for a parish look
In parallel, not after. That office already found nationally that TAJ prepared 28,489 summonses and served 20,018, and took no enforcement action where payment arrangements had been breached. Westmoreland's own version of those numbers is a fair request.
Parliament takes it up
Auditor General reports go to the Public Accounts Committee, which can summon TAJ to answer. This is the end of the ladder and the only rung where the collector must respond in the same room as the parish.
What this program is for
Two goals
One is a disclosure the state already compiles and has stopped publishing. The other is a change to the law itself. They belong together, because the first is what makes the case for the second, and neither can be argued honestly without the other.
Goal one Publish the record
Nothing in this goal asks for a policy change, a new tax, or anyone's private affairs. It asks for two figures the state already produces, in a form that identifies nobody.
-
The Tax Administration Jamaica revenue arrears aging report, for each year from 2016/17 onward.
Named by the Government's own PEFA assessment, so its existence is not in question. An aging report shows when the arrears fell due, which is the only way to see how much is about to reach seven years.
-
The annual total extinguished under section 21(3), for each year from 2016/17 onward.
The Auditor General published this figure for five consecutive years to 2015/16. There is no stated reason the series stopped.
Both are aggregates. Neither discloses a taxpayer, an account, or a parcel, so the privacy exemption in section 22 of the Access to Information Act does not reach them, and neither does the bar in section 6(4) on information already held in a public register.
Goal two Amend section 21(3)
Property tax should accrue until somebody pays it. That is the whole of the change, and everything below is how to make it without hurting the people the current rule is usually defended in the name of.
The benefit of the seven year rule is not evenly spread, and the reason is in how a charge on land actually gets settled. A family home changes hands, and the charge is cleared at the closing. Land that is bought and held and never transacted never reaches that moment. So for the largest and idlest holdings the seven year rule is not a backstop, it is the entire collection outcome. Holding ground and doing nothing with it is the one position the rule rewards, and the cost is carried by everybody who does pay, through the consumption taxes raised to cover the gap.
-
End extinguishment for land that is not the owner's principal residence.
Arrears keep accruing, with interest, and remain a first charge on the land until they are paid or the land is sold. No seven year escape for a holding.
-
Protect the home properly, rather than protecting everything badly.
Keep relief for an owner occupied principal residence, and add deferral for pensioners and for owners who genuinely cannot pay, secured against the title so the debt is settled on sale or transfer rather than never. Nobody should lose a family home over this, and nobody here proposes that they should.
-
Stop the clock in any year in which no enforcement step was taken.
A limitation period exists to protect a person from a stale claim by a creditor who sat on it. It was never meant to turn a collector's own inaction into a discharge. Time running only against a state that actually tried is the narrowest possible version of this reform, and on its own it would end most of the loss.
-
Open a route out for the genuine cases before closing the door.
Unregistered title, unadministered estates and undivided family land are a real share of what is uncollectable, and they are not evasion. A time limited regularization amnesty turns those into paying accounts instead of writing them off in silence every seven years.